Bailey, L.H. & Bailey, E.Z. (1976) Hortus Third. A concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada Macmillan Publishing Co, Inc., New York
Maroyi, A. (2006) Preliminary checklist of introduced and naturalized plants in Zimbabwe. Kirkia 18(2) 177-247
Wild, H. (1967) The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 1. Heliantheae. Kirkia 6(1) 1-62
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, often lobed or pinnatifid. Capitula numerous, in corymbose panicles, radiate, heterogamous; ray florets white, neuter; disk florets bisexual, fertile. Phyllaries 2-seriate. Receptacular scales folded and clasping the achenes; apex caudate to spine-tipped. Achenes obovoid, ± bilaterally flattened. Pappus 0. Worldwide: 25 species in tropical America DRC: 0 taxa. |
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