Pandanus livingstonianus Rendle

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Road to Buye Rotanda, lower Chimanimani

Photo: Alan Gardiner
Along road from Caia to Niacuadala

Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Mussapa pequeno river crossing, road to Chikukwa

Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Along road from Munhinga to Quedas dam, Sussundenda District

Photo: Stefaan Dondeyne
Mussapa pequeno near crossing of Chikukwa road, lower Chimanimani Mts

Thicket of Pandanus on rocky island; Kundabwika Falls; Jul 2013.
Photo: Mike Bingham

Ntumbachusi falls; Sep 2008.
Photo: Mike Bingham

Immature female inflorescence;
Ntumbachusi falls; Sep 2008.
Photo: Mike Bingham

Mature infructescence;
Ntumbachusi falls; Dec 1978.
Photo: Mike Bingham

Photo: Bart Wursten
Zomba Community

Photo: Bart Wursten
Nhahomba area, Chimanimani National Reserve

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Synonyms:	Pandanus gasicus Huynh. Pandanus globulatus Huynh. Pandanus mosambicus Huynh. Pandanus petersii Warb. Pandanus serrimarginalis Huynh.
Common names:	Screw-pine (English)
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Small tree. Stem pale brown, supported by numerous stilt roots; stem and roots spiny. Young trees palm-like with a single terminal tuft of leaves, older trees shortly branched and pine-like with many terminal tufts. Leaves in 1-many terminal tufts of 3 spirally arranged ranks, long and linear strap-shaped, 1 m or more long, shiny bright green to dark olive-green, paler below; margin armed with backward-facing hooked prickles. Flowers unisexual; male flowers in branched, spikes, 15-20 cm long, creamy-white with conspicuous spathe-like bracts; female flowers greenish-cream in short compact spikes. Fruit small, fleshy in cone-like clusters up to 12 × 7cm.
Type location:	Mozambique
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	livingstonianus: named after the legendary Scottish explorer David Livingstone (1813-1873).
Habitat:	Along river banks and in swamps.
Altitude range: (metres)	1020 - 1600 m
Flowering time:	Oct
Worldwide distribution:	Mozambique, northeastern Zambia and D.R. Congo; probably also in Angola.
National distribution:
Growth form(s):	Tree.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Beentje, H.J. (2009). Pandanaceae Flora Zambesiaca 12(2) Pages 149 - 153. (Includes a picture). Beentje, H.J. (2016). Pandanaceae Flore d'Afrique Centrale Nouvelle Serie Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium Pages 9 - 11. (Includes a picture). Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 43. (Includes a picture). Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 96. (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 129. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 126.

Other sources of information about Pandanus livingstonianus:

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Flora of Mozambique: Pandanus livingstonianus
Flora of Zambia: Pandanus livingstonianus

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Pandanus livingstonianus
African Plant Database: Pandanus livingstonianus
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Pandanus livingstonianus
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Pandanus livingstonianus
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Pandanus livingstonianus
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Pandanus livingstonianus
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Pandanus livingstonianus
JSTOR Plant Science: Pandanus livingstonianus
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Pandanus livingstonianus
Plants of the World Online: Pandanus livingstonianus
Tropicos: Pandanus livingstonianus
Wikipedia: Pandanus livingstonianus