Collections made by Maggs

Herb; Notes: Tall perennial herb to shrub, plentiful on lermitarium. Stem erect, woody at base, dense stellate, yellowish indumentum, with scattered sericeous hairs. Lamina circular to cordiform, 80 x 60 mm, margin dentate, apex tapering, base cordate, densely pubescent. Flowers in groups of 3 per axel, 20 mm long. Petals orange-yellow. Capsule discoidal, 25 mm in diameter.

Herb; Notes: Bushy, annual herb, 30 cm high. Stems rigid, articulated, dichotomously branched, green-brown with dense, white, scabrous indumentum. Leaves opposite but often clustered, simple, subsessile; lamina obovate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire but sinuate, dull green, thinly textured both surfaces densely pubescent, persistent, up to 30 x 12 mm. Inflorescence solitary, axillary, subsessile, partially hidden by foliar leaves, 7-8 mm in diameter. Florets yellow, inconspicuous. Fruit a spiny achene. (Exotic - from Brazil = a weed in cultivated fields)

Slender shrub, up to 2.5 m high. Stem slender, erect, unbranched, green, terete with dense indumentum (scabrid yellow hairs with red-brown podia). Leaves alternate, paripinnately decompound; stipules paired, broadly deltoid, apex acute, brown, membranous; petiole 1 cm long, characters as for stem; rachis as for petiole; lamina lanceolate, somewhat falcate, up to 12 x 1.5 cm; pinna ovate, 8 x 2 mm, apex apiculate, base oblique, margin entire, glabrous, subsessile, tend to fold closed along rhachis. Flowers large, showy, 35 mm in diameter, borne in axillary racemes; peduncle : 15 cm, characters as for petiole; pedicel 1-2 cm long. Petals golden yellow to orange. Sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, pubescent. Stamens and stigma not well exerted. Fruit: a pod, up to 100 x 6 mm, flattened, slightly falcate, apex apiculate, clearly constricted between seeds so as to appear segmented, glabrous.

Tree; Notes: Tall tree, 12 m high. Bark fissured longitudinally; branchlets red-brown, glaucous. Leaves bi- (pari-) pinnate, prominent gland on petiole; leaflets 6-7 x 1-1.5 mm, discoloured, falcate. Inflorescence globose, axillary; flowers white; stamen filaments 20 mm long.

Annual herb. Stems brittle, with dense, white, curly indumentum. Leaves ovate, apex tapering and acute, ca. 40 x 20 mm, yellow-green, venation prominent, with dense, white, adpressed indumentum. Inflorescence axillary raceme. Flowers large, subsessile, up to 20 mm long and 18 mm long, petals cream-coloured, deep purple speckled in throat.

Shrub; Notes: Tall, bushy shrub, 2-4 m high. Bark reddish brown. Leaves obovate, bright green with prominent yellowish venation, up to 45 x 30 mm. Flowers sweet-smelling, plentiful, cream-coloured. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Tree; Notes: Tall tree, 6 m high. Stems dark brown; branches knobbly due to leaf base scars, floccose indumentum; young branchlets bright green, rigid, terete with dense white short velutinous indumentum. Leaves opposite to subopposite, simple; petiole slender, almost geniculate, bright green to brown-tinted, adaxially grooved, twisted, densely velutinous; stipule minutely deltoid, brown membranous, caducous; lamina ovate to circular, apex attenuate to rounded to notched, base truncate to cuneate to rounded, margin entire but sinuate, 40-60 x 35-40 mm, thinly textured, adaxially glossy green, glabrous, abax. grey-green, glabrous, midrib prominent with lateral veins merging into margin. Flowers past. Fruit an ovoid-elongate berry, apiculate (style remains), 10 x 5 mm, green glaucous, glabrous, cupular remains of perianth at base, axillary (1/axil). Edible = muzinzila (Lozi)

Tree; Notes: Lush, medium sized tree. Fruits eaten; chinjere (KWE) fruits eaten fresh or made into cooldrink. Ethnobotanical Voucher specimen: Muzinzila (Lozi). Fairly abundant.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree, 3-5 m high; bark grey, rough. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7, alternate, ovate, 35 x 17 mm, grey-green, densely pubescent; petiole with dense yellowish indumentum. Flowers showy, up to 40 mm in diameter, in much-branched, sparse sprays. Petal 1, white. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Tree; Notes: Small, densely-branched tree, ca. 2 m high. Bark rust-grey; twigs zigzag, densely pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; petiole yellow-green, 4-7 mm long, perpendicular to axis, pubescent; lamina obovate, apex rounded to slightly acute, base cuneate, margin entire and involute, 20-80 x 12-60 mm, adaxially glossy dark green, glabrous; abaxially grey-green, midrib prominent, very minutely velutinous. Flowers in axillary clusters, minute 3 mm in diameter, green-yellow, separate androecium and gynoecium. Sepals 5, free, persistent.

Graminoid; Notes: Bushy-perennial grass, up to 50 cm when in flower. Culms basally pronounced geniculate to ascending, rooting from prostrate lower nodes, straw-coloured to pale green, internodes short, terete, glabrous, nodes gibbose, red-brown-banded. Leaf blade lanceolate, expanded, 100 x 7 mm, blue-green, abaxially white-ribbed, margin white, thickened tapering to delicate apex, base auriculate, glabrous. Ligule fringed with short white hairs, continuous and longer on collar. Leaf sheath yellowish, 5 cm long, deeply canaliculate, loosely circumculmate, keeled, glabrous, persistent and fibrous. Inflorescence a spicate raceme, narrowly ovate to elongate in outline, 60 - 100 x 15 mm, initially enclosed by upper leaf. Spikelets stalked, arranged or verticillate, dense, ellipsoid, surrounded by dense clusters of purplish bristles (sinuate, 1 - 1.5 cm long, fine, glabrous or setulose), 3 - 4.5 mm long, awnless.

Herb; Notes: Small, bushy, annual herb, up to 30 cm high. Stem basally slightly woody, densely branched, dark brown to green-brown with dense white velutinous indumentum. Leaves alternate, paripinnate; stipules paired, linear, acutely tapering, 6 mm long; petiole short, 5 mm long, stout, densely pubescent; rhachis 2 - 6 cm long, straight to ascending apically bearing 40 pinna pairs; lamina lanceolate in broad outline; pinna somewhat falcate, 4-5 x 1-1.5 mm, apex apiculate, base oblique, folded closed along midrib, yellow-green with dense, short, white, curly indumentum. Flowers solitary, axillary, 7 mm in diameter; petals 5, free, pale yellow, obovate; sepals 5, greenish, densely pubescent. Pod flattened, elongate, apiculate, up to 30 x 4 x 1mm.

Herb; Notes: Small bushy annual herb, up to 30 cm high. Stem basally slightly woody, densely branched, dark brown to green-brown with dense white velutinous indumentum. Leaves alternate, paripinnate; stipules paired, linear, acutely tapering, 6 mm long; petiole short, 5 mm long, stout, densely pubescent; rachis 2-6 cm long, straight to ascending apical bearing 40 pinna pairs; lamina lanceolate in broad outline; pinna somewhat falcate, 4-5 x 1-1.5 mm, apex apiculate, base oblique, folded closed along midrib, yellow-green with dense, short, white, curly indumentum. Flowers solitary, axillary, 7 mm in diameter; petals 5, free, pale yellow, obovate; sepals 5, greenish, densely pubescent. Pod flattened, elongate, apiculate, up to 30 x 4 x 1 mm.

Herb; Notes: Tall, lanky annual herb, 1 - 1.5 m high. Stem olive-green, ribbed, hirsute. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 4 x 1 mm, slightly falcate, 30 - 40 pairs. Flowers axillary, solitary, 12 mm in diameter, petals golden yellow. Pod ca. 30 x 1.5 mm, densely pubescent, beaked.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted perennial grass, up to 1,5 m high when in flower. Culms erect, sturdy, terete, slightly reed-like, terete, partially exposed esp. apically, pale dull green, discolouring to yellow at nodes which are dark brown-banded and swollen, glabrous although node occasionally minutely and sparsely pubescent. Leaf blade linear to narrowly lanceolate gradually tapering to sharp tip over a length of 50 cm, expanded to slightly involute to tightly rolled, widest at base: 5 - 7 mm, dull green with white pulverulent indumentum, not rigid but recurved to curling, base rounded and not conspicuously auriculate. Ligule a brown membranous ridge with scattered long white hairs more conspicuous on collar regions. Leaf sheath 70 - 90 mm long, not overlapping dull green to pink-tinted near base, persistent, relatively open almost to base, glabrous. Inflorescence complex tiered digitate arrangement of racemes, 6 - 10/whorl, borne on slender peduncle. Raceme 8 - 12 cm long ascending, flexuous, and usually recurved somewhat at tip. Spikelets borne in 2 rows on undersurface of axis, minutely ellipsoid, 2,5 - 3 x 1 mm. Glume membranous, deep purple, minutely pubescent with white ciliate indumentum, yellowish awn exerted about 2 mm beyond spikelet. 2 flowers/spikelet. Base of raceme axis densely pubescent with long white hairs scattered over entire length.

Graminoid; Notes: Annual grass, 40 cm when in flower. Culm geniculate, terete, bright green but nodes purple, smooth, glabrous. Leaf blades basally densely tufted, relatively short, no more than 10 cm long, often folded, relatively hard with scabrid margin, dull green to maroon-tinted, basal margin tending to hyaline. Ligule inconspicuous. Leaf sheath overlapping, about same length as blade, glabrous. Inflorescence 7 - 11 digitately compound spikes, about 9 cm long, vertical; borne on slender peduncle up to 15 cm long. Spikelet about 1 mm long, 1 awn/lemma, green to blackish with dense, long, white indumentum; initially sheathed.

Graminoid; Notes: Basally tufted and stoloniferous annual grass, up to 0,5 m when in flower. Culms basally prostrate but then steeply ascending, rooting from lower prostrate nodes, slender and not conspicuously gibbose, smooth and glabrous, partially exposed along upper regions, blue-green to purple-tinted especially near nodes which are deep purple-tinted, branched. Leaf blades lanceolate, 35 - 120 mm long, tapering to apex, broadest at base, 4 - 8 mm wide, folded, blue-green, occasionally purple-tinted, margins white, base rounded and notched, both surfaces with long, white, bulbous-based indumentum. Ligule a membranous ridge with sparse white indumentum, collar with dense, long, white, straight indumentum extending along upper margin of sheath and lower margin of blade. Leaf sheath loosely circumculmate, keeled at base, about glabrous, except for scattered ciliate indumentum, shallowly canaliculate. Inflorescence complex, digitate arrangement of spicate racemes borne on slender, short peduncle, 1 - 7,5 cm long, subtended at base and initially enclosed by upper lamina. Racemes 5 - 7, 7 - 8,5 cm long, steeply ascending but flexuous. Spikelets 2 - flowered, arranged in 2 rows along axis; short stalk bearing long, white, sericeous indumentum. Lower glume membranous, glabrous, greenish white to apically purple-rimmed. Awns long, yellowish, glabrous, straight, slender, up to 12 mm long.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, robust perennial grass, plentiful on edge of flood-plain. Flowering past. Ethnobotanical specimen: Sivamba (Lozi): roots placed in water (and roots of mupanda) given to cattle to cure stomach cramps. Corr. nom.: EK 23.06.2003.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, perennial grass, up to 1.25m high, when in flower with creeping, woody rhizome. Culms erect, thickened, rigid and somewhat reed-like, smooth, glabrous, unbranched. Leaf blade exceptionally long, up to 1 m long, tightly folded, 10 mm wide, dull green, base not auriculate, adaxially with dense, white adpressed hairs, abaxially glabrous, apically expanded, rigid and erect, margins scabrous. Ligule a narrow, membranous ridge. Leaf sheath shorter than blade, 10 cm long, basally tightly circumculmate but apically pulling away from culm and conjunction with blade not clearly defined. Inflorescence an open panicle narrowly ovate in outline, 30 x 5 cm; peduncle 50 cm long, beige to purple-tinted. Racemes whorled, up to 10 cm long, ascending purplish. Spikelets paired, lower spikelet awned. Glumes with purple spines, reddish in colour imparting a characteristic crimson hue to entire inflorescence. Base of stalk with tuft of hairs. Corr. nom.: EK 23.06.2003.

Creeper; Notes: Prostrate, annual creeper. Great variation in leaves from deeply lobed to almost unlobed. Petals golden yellow. Fruits vary from pale green to dark green banded. Flesh pale green, not bitter but somewhat mealy. Sikululu (Lozi) is flesh made into porridge by local people. Seeds dispersed by elephants. Growing in mulapo grassland on road verge. Soil pH 8.

Herb; Notes: Erect, lanky, annual herb, up to m high. Stems rigid, terete yet deeply fluted, yellow-green, unbranched, with dense, short, straight white indumentum, glandular. Leaves alternate, 5-palmatisect; petiole short, up to 2 mm long, yellow, densely pubescent; lamina circular in broad outline, up to 2 x 2 cm; pinnae unequal, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, apex rounded to minutely apiculate, base cuneate, 4-20 x 0.5-2 mm dull olive-green, margin entire to revolute, dense white hispidullous indumentum on both surfaces, glandular. Flowers solitary but concentrated terminally, axillary, strongly descending, showy. Petals 5, free, posterior 2 much enlarged, obovate and narrowly clawed, pale pink with yellow and deep purple markings, 16 mm long. Stamens 10, well exerted. Fruit a capsule, falcate, 65-120 x 2-3 mm, apiculate, slightly flattened, green, pubescent, dehiscing along 2 seams. Seeds globose, dark-brown to black, 2 mm in diameter, verrucose.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree. Leaves broadly ovate-elliptic, coriaceous, apex apiculate, densely pubescent but becoming glabrescent adaxially, 70 x 45 mm, dark green, venation prominent. Flowers yellow; spikes 50 mm long. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Tree; Notes: Small tree, coppicing, plentiful. Sterile = ethnobotanical voucher specimen. Mukenge (Lozi) - roots placed in water to keep off ancestral spirits (see Euclea).

Shrub; Notes: Shrub. Bark greyish. Branchlets spine-tipped. Leaves 3 - foliolate. Leaflets obovate, terminally 30 x 22 mm, laterally smaller, finely velutinous, apex rounded, margin crenate.

Tall shrub, 3 m high. Stems profusely branched from base, with dark grey bark; young branchlets with dense white indumentum. Leaves alternate but normally clustered on dwarf shoots, simple; petiole up to 1 cm long, adaxially grooved, yellow-green, densely pubescent; lamina ovate to elliptic to obovate, apex rounded to notched, base cuneate, margin entire and sinuate to obscurely dentate along upper margin, 30-80 x18-40 mm, adaxially dark olive-green with dense, short, white, adpressed indumentum, abaxially pale olive-green, indumentum as above, venation prominent with lateral veins merging with margin. Flowers past. Fruit a berry, fleshy, orange when ripe, ovoid, 1 cm long, in terminal clusters, fused sepals persistent as cupular structure extending 1/3 of fruit, style apically persistent.

Notes: Low-growing, sub-aquatic perennial, 50-80 mm when in flower. Stem compact. Roots fibrous, red-coloured. Leaves fascicled, simple, subsessile; lamina elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate to decurrent, margin entire and conspicuously ciliate, 4 x 1 cm, adaxially yellow-green with scattered white adpressed indumentum, abaxially purple-tinted with dense indumentum of same type as above, fairly erect and not prostrate on substrate, coriaceous. Flowers borne in axillary racemes with normally only 1 flower opening at a time, 5 mm in diameter, bilabiate; peduncle slender, green, 3-4 cm long, densely pubescent. Floral bracts foliaceous, paired, green, conspicuously ciliate and pubescent; petals fused, blue to purplish with white puckered striations and yellow throat. Terminalia sericea predominant.

Notes: Mixed semi-deciduous woodland.

Creeper; Notes: Herbaceous creeper. Stems twining, limp, slender, ribbed with dense, white, scabrid hairs, articulated, monopodially branched; tendrils slender, twisted. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole slender, 2 cm long. curved; lamina sagittate, apex apiculate, base hastate, margin denticulate, 45 x 40 mm, dull green, dense white indumentum on both surfaces but especially on abaxial venation. Flowers small, in dense axillary clusters, subsessile 3-5 (-8)/cluster, 1.5 mm in diameter. Petals yellow-orange. Sepals densely pubescent. Fruit a berry globose, 1 cm in diameter, smooth, glabrate, red when ripe. Seeds ovoid, flattened, grey, verruculate. Marshy plain along river.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted perennial grass, up to 1.75 m high when in flower. Culms basally prostrate, rooting from lower nodes, markedly geniculate to ascending but never entirely erect, sturdy, reed-like, terete straw-coloured with nodes dark brown-banded, smooth and glabrous, unbranched. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 10 - 30 x ca. 1 cm, gradually tapering, expanded but margins revolute, stiff and harsh to the touch, glabrous but for sparse pulverulent indumentum, margins white, minutely prickled, blue-green, base rounded and slightly notched. Ligule a narrow, brown, membranous ridge, glabrous. Leaf base 80 - 120 mm long, not overlapping nor tightly circumculmate, basally imbricate otherwise open, blue-green to purple-tinted at base, persistent, canaliculate, glabrous. Inflorescence a false panicle, up to 12 cm long, narrowly ellipsoid in outline. Racemes spicate, paired, subtended by foliaceous spathe: 1.5 - 2 (2.5) cm long, lanceolate. Peduncle slender, yellow, glabrous. Spikelets paired, not all awned, ellipsoid, somewhat laterally flattened, 5 x 1.5 mm, greenish; awn basally black with paler upper potion, curved, slender, glabrous, relatively inconspicuous although well exerted. Glumes membranous with dense white indumentum especially along margins; pedicles with similar indumentum.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, perennial grass, up to 1.5 m high when in flower. Culms erect, rigid, reed-like, terete, yellowish with brown-banded nodes, glabrous smooth. Leaf blade expanded, gradually tapering over a length of up to 30 cm, up to 1.5 cm wide canaliculate, dull green, stiff, glabrous, rounded at base to constrict at collar. Ligule a narrow membranous ridge, dark brown, glabrous. Leaf sheath 120 mm long, tightly circumculmate but not overlapping, glabrous. Inflorescence a compound panicle, 15 - 20 cm long. Raceme up to 3 cm long, enclosed in narrowly ovate, membranous sheath. Spikelets narrowly ellipsoid, 3 x 1 mm; glumes greenish, not all awned. Awns long, fine, purple-based. Pollen golden yellow.

Graminoid; Notes: Perennial, low-growing grass with woody, creeping rhizome. Culms basally woody and prostrate, often rooting from lower, geniculate nodes, upper portions steeply ascending, almost entirely enclosed by leaf bases, much-branched. Leaf blade linear, 5 - 12 cm long, gradually tapering to acute apex, expanded to slightly revolute to tightly rolled, at most 2, 5 mm wide, erect, fairly rigid, dull blue-green, glabrous or with long, white, somewhat adpressed indumentum, margins white, thickened, hard to the touch, slightly spine-tipped, base about undifferentiated. Ligule a membranous ridge bearing sparse white indumentum, more conspicuous on collar region. Leaf sheath overlapping, about 4 centimetre long, relatively tightly circumculmate, blue-green to yellowish at base, glabrate to pubescent, persistent and spiny around rhizome. Inflorescence a digitate racemose arrangement, borne on a slender, erect peduncle. Raceme about 4 centimetre long, about 1,5 mm wide, 4 - 7 inflorescence, ascending but never spreading, straight to apically reflexed, not rigid. Spikelets minutely ovoid, about 1,5 x 1 mm, densely arranged on axis. Glumes membranous, straw-coloured to green to purple-tinted, awnless, glabrous. Stigma branches laterally exerted.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree, 4-5 m high. Branchlets reddish brown, grooved. Leaves opposite; lamina elliptic to broadly ovate, up to 70 x 45 mm, bright green, glabrous, margin entire, broadly tapering. Inflorescence a terminal scorpioid cyme. Flowers creamy white, 8 mm in diameter, pentamerous, sweet-smelling. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Creeper; Notes: Woody creeper. Young branchlets with dense, short, white, woolly indumentum, terete to angled and ribbed. Leaves spirally arranged, simple; Petiole stout, adaxially grooved, densely pulverulent, up to 10 mm long; lamina ovate to cordiform, ca. 60 x 45 mm, broadly tapering to acute apex, base rounded to cordate (narrowly curate down petiole), adaxially olive green, minutely / sparsely pubescent; adaxially silvery, venation prominent, densely pubescent. Capitula in scorpioid cymes ( = corymbs), ellipsoid, ca. 15 x 8 mm, homogenous, disc florets 10 - 12 mm long, 5 - merous. Stigma 5-branched, well-exerted. Pappus prominent, white, straight, about 10 mm long. Involucral bract 4-6-whorled, lanceolate-ovate, green, foliaceous with white, arachnoid pubescence. Growing in forest island on termite mound.

Herb; Notes: All annual herb, in moist conditions between reeds. Ethnobotanical Voucher Specimen: Mozweze (Lozi) - indication of good soil to plant mealies, infused in water and given to cows to increase milk production.

0.5 m high; Graminoid; Notes: (F. Poaceae) Tufted annual, ca. 0,5m high when in flower. Culms erect, slender, yellow-green, glabrous except for white pubescent indumentum at nodes. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate, expanded, rapidly withering at apex, up to 200*6mm, glabrous, soft and tender, yellow-green, basally rounded. Ligule inconspicuous with fringe of dense, white, straight hairs. Leaf sheath yellow-green, ca. 5cm long, overlapping, not tightly circumculmate, canaliculate, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Inflorescence a panicle of spaced racemes, ca. 10*2,5cm. Raceme lax, spicate ca. 3,5cm long, erect. Spikelets loosely arranged in 2 rows, ovoid, apex tapering, 3*1mm, awned; glumes pale green, densely pubescent. Stalk purple-banded at apex (=callus) with long, white, straight hairs. Awn ca. 2,5mm long. Stigma purple, exerted just below apex.

Tree; Notes: Small to medium-sized tree. Ethnobotanical Voucher Specimen: matokola (Lozi): used to exorcize ghosts. Wood not used as fuel cause it cause bad luck; tshutshora (Kwe).

Geophyte; Notes: Geophyte, up to 0.75 m when in flower, growing among thorny thicket; rhizome horizontally elongate, much-branched, with dense fibrous roots. Leaves lanceolate. Inflorescence a raceme. Flowers 2 - 2.5 cm in diameter; perianth segments mauve-pink.

Geophyte; Notes: Geophyte, up to 1 m high when in flower, growing within dense thorny shrubbery. Leaves elongate-ovate, bright green, glabrous. Inflorescence a raceme, unbranched. Flowers 30 mm in diameter; perianth segments golden yellow.

Annual herb, up to 0.60 m when in flower. Stems tend to prostrate but apically always erect, green, ? terete with dense white adpressed indumentum. Leaves alternate, simple (occasionally clustered); lamina ovate to obovate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin entire, ? 40 x 10 mm, dull grey-green with dense white adpressed indumentum on both surfaces but especially abaxially, midrib abaxially prominent; petiole stout, rigid, up to 1 cm long, very densely pubescent. Flowers minute, up to 2 mm in diameter, in axillary 2-forked spikes tightly coiled but unfurling with maturity, subtended by persistent, foliaceous bracts. Petals 5, fused, creamy white. Sepals 5, free, minute, densely pubescent, persistent. Fruit: achene, globose, ? 1.5 mm in diameter, densely pubescent.

Herb; Notes: Prostrate herb. Stems trailing, limp, slender, dark green but masked by dense, long, white, sericeous indumentum. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 1-2 mm long, densely sericeous; lamina ovate, apex minutely apiculate, base rounded, margin entire, grey-green, both surfaces with dense silvery adpressed hairs. Flowers solitary, axillary, campanulate, small, 5-6 mm in diameter. Petals 5, fused, blue. Sepals 5, free, ovate, 2 x 1 mm, densely pubescent, persistent. Fruit a capsule, globose, 5-sutured, white and brittle, dehiscent. Seeds numerous, yellow-brown, deltoid to irregular.

Tree; Notes: Small, bushy tree, up to 4 m high. Bark greyish; young twigs with fine, pubescent indumentum. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 5-8 mm long, usually curved, yellow-green, pubescent; lamina broadly obovate, apex rounded to truncate, base rounded, margin entire, adaxially bright green, sparsely pubescent to glabrate, abaxially grey-green with dense downy pubescence, venation prominent. Flowers past. Fruits monocarpic, each lobe finger-like, 1-seeded, bright red when ripe, tart but pleasant in taste.

1.5 m high; Shrub; Notes: Ethnobotanical Voucher Specimen. Muchinga (Lozi) fruits eaten. Treatment for gall (= niyoko (L) ) - roots boiled in water, cooled and then drunk to promote vomiting.

Herb; Notes: Prostrate herb. Stems trailing, limp, slender but gibbose, terete, green to maroon-tinted, glabrous or with scattered, fine, white indumentum. Leaves opposite but normally tending to cluster, simple, sessile; lamina narrowly ovate to lanceolate, apex minutely apiculate, base cuneate, margin entire, somewhat revolute, midrib abaxially prominent, up to 40 x 30 mm, dull green to yellow-green to maroon-tinted, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with very sparse white adpressed indumentum. Flowers in axillary umbels, small, up to 3 mm in diameter; peduncle 2 - 45 mm long (usually elongating after flowering). Pedicel 4 - 10 mm long. Sepals 5, free, ovate, up to 3 x 1.5 mm, pink with hyaline margins. Petals lacking. Stamens 10; filaments pink; anthers cream-coloured. Common: especially in disturbed areas!.

Shrub; Notes: Straggling shrub, 3 m high. Bark dark grey, peeling; branchlets deep red-brown. Leaves elliptic, 60 x 30 mm, margin denticulate, base slightly oblique; adaxially dull green, with minute stellate hairs; abaxially silvery green, densely velutinous. Fruit 1 or 2-lobed, green-brown.

Shrub; Notes: Small spreading shrub, 1 m high. Bark red-brown. Leaves elliptic ovate, margin dentate, 30 x 15 mm, olive green, dense stellate indumentum on both surfaces. Flowers past. Fruit a berry, globose to 2 - lobed, yellow-brown, with dense stellate indumentum.

Herb; Notes: Perennial herb, 30 cm high. Stem basally fairly woody; young stem green with scattered white indumentum, rigid and much branched from base. Leaves spirally arranged (occasionally clustered) simple, sessile; lamina narrowly ovate, apex acute, base cuneate, margin irregularly dentate, up to 30 x 3 mm (but usually much smaller), dull yellow-green with scattered, white indumentum, midrib abaxially conspicuous. Flowers in sparse terminal racemes, campanulate, slightly pendulous small, 4 mm in diameter, 7 mm long. Petals 5, fused, blue with white bases. Sepals 5, free, minute, 2.5 mm long, persistent. Stigma clavate, white, conspicuous. Fruit an elongate, cuneiform capsule, slightly falcate, 15 x 1-2.5 mm, sepals apically persistent.

Graminoid; Notes: Prostrate, creeping, perennial grass growing along water stream. Culms limp, prostrate, ascending somewhat apically to bear inflorescence, much branched, bright green with geniculate nodes dark-banded, glabrous, rooting from lower nodes. Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering but apex obtuse, 10 - 20 cm long, up to 4 mm wide, expanded or folded, tip often withering and curled, bright green to purple-tinted, conspicuously white-ribbed, more or less glabrous, margins scabrous, base somewhat auriculate with collar brown and membranous. Ligule a membranous ridge bearing a short fringe of hairs, not extending onto collar. Leaf sheath loosely circumculmate, keeled, margins hyaline, upper margin densely ciliate, blue to bright green with various degree of purple-tinting, glabrous. Inflorescence a cylindrical spike, 10 - 12 x 2 - 3 mm, erect, rigid, straight to somewhat falcate. Spikelets sessile, densely arranged along axis, ovoid but flattened, ca. 5 x 1,5 mm. Glumes grey-green to purple, coriaceous, glaucous, adpressed against axis but apically reflexed. Stigma branches laterally exerted. Awnless.

Herb; Notes: Bushy herb; stems erect or trailing, densely pubescent, ribbed. Leaves ovate, apex acute, margin dentate, bright green with sparse stellate indumentum. Flower solitary, axillary, showy, up to 80 mm in diameter, cream with dark maroon centre. Epicalyx 5.

subshrub; Notes: Straggly subshrub, 1 m or more. Stems brittle, 4-angled, initially with short brown indumentum. Lamina ovate, 50 x 18 mm, gradually tapering, dark green, more or less glabrous, thinly textured, margin coarsely dentate. Inflorescence axillary/terminal panicle; branchlets opposite. Flower 8 mm long, bilabiate, yellow-cream.

Herb; Notes: Perennial herb, up to 1 m high. Stems rigid, 4-angled; branchlets densely pubescent. Lamina ovate - elliptic, 50 x 20 mm, dark green, margin dentate, minutely pubescent. Inflorescence terminal panicle. Flowers 6 mm long; sepals fused, extending 2/3 of length.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, perennial grass, up to 2 m high when in flower. Culms erect, reed-like, terete, pinkish yellow, slightly glaucous, glabrous, nodes orange-brown-banded, stiff, rigid. Leaf blade inconspicuous between dense peduncles, expanded, gradually tapering over a length of up to 35 cm, broadest at base, 12 mm, auriculate, smooth but parchment-like to the touch, glabrous, adaxially canaliculate. Ligule a narrow, rounded, membranous, brown ridge. Leaf sheath short, mostly 10 cm long, not overlapping, glabrous, dull green but brown to purple-tinted at base. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, 20 - 25 cm long, borne on short, slender peduncle, usually 80 - 100 mm long, pinkish yellow. Raceme sheathed; spathe lanceolate 80 mm long, as for leaf blade. Spikelet large, ellipsoid, 20 mm long with single awn. Awn long, undulate, up to 10 cm long, dark brown, apically contorted, covered in short dense bristles. Stigma purple-black.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall tufted, perennial grass, up to 1.5 m when in flower. Culm erect to slightly geniculate at base reed-like, terete, dull green to beige with nodes marked by purplish band, glabrous. Leaf blade tightly rolled, basally concentrated, 10 - 15 cm long, base clearly auriculate, dull green, glabrous, rigid, margins scabrous. Ligule a membranous ridge without indumentum, pale brown. Leaf base loosely circumculmate, becoming only slightly imbricate at extreme base, glabrous. Inflorescence an open, interrupted panicle, subtended by foliaceous spathe, up to 50 cm long. Racemes subtended by foliaceous spathes, 20 cm long, ca. 4 - 6 spikelets per raceme. Spikelet subtended by lanceolate spathe, 3-flowered, 1 cm long. Awn twisted, yellowish, bent, 80 mm long with dense white adpressed indumentum. Stalks with dense, white, bristly indumentum.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, erectly tufted perennial grass, up to 1.5 m when in flower. Culms basally slightly geniculate but generally ascending, reed-like, hollow, sturdy, rigid, pale green to yellowish straw-coloured, terete, glaucous, glabrous, nodes not conspicuously gibbose, dark-banded, unbranched. Leaf blade linear, up to 50 cm long, expanded to involute but seldom rolled, dull bluish-green, reddish tinted, tapering gradually to very fine apex, minutely setulose especially along margins, rigid and hard to the touch, base not auriculate. Ligule membranous ridged with scattered, soft, white indumentum continuous onto collar region. Leaf sheath apically with 2 projections on either side of culm, upper margin with long white ciliate indumentum, open and keeled, imbricate at base, deeply canaliculate, straw-coloured with pink-red tinge, glabrous. Inflorescence a complex arrangement of spathulate racemes in spathulate panicle, elongate in broad outline, 25 - 35 x 2.5 cm. Spathes red to yellow-brown glabrous. Spikelets narrowly ellipsoid, 10 x 1 - 1.5 mm, heterogenous; female spikelet bearing long, twisted, hairy awn, sessile; male spikelet stalked, awnless. Glumes glabrous, occasionally ciliate; stalks densely pubescent.

Annual herb. Stems rigid, articulated, fresh green, sparsely pubescent. Leaves lamina ovate-elliptic, 50 x 20 mm, densely hirsute, apex tapering. Inflorescence terminal spicate raceme, 70 mm long. Bracts foliaceous, apex slightly spinescent, cream to pale green, ovate, 12 x 5 mm. Flowers 2-lipped, pale yellow with maroon in throat. Stamens 2.

Creeper; Notes: Creeping on black soil. Only one plant seen. Tiny yellow flowers, round fruits: green when immature and orange/red when ripe. Fruits often in clusters. Leave rhombic shape, hard to the touch.

Herb; Notes: Tall, lanky herb, up to 1.5 m high. Stem erect, rigid, terete, green with fine, white indumentum. Leaves alternate, simple; lamina narrowly ovate to lanceolate, apex acute, base rounded, margin irregularly dentate, 75-100 x 15-25 mm, dull olive-green with scabrid indumentum on both surfaces, venation abaxially prominent, 3-veined from base; petiole 5-8 mm long, green, densely pubescent. Flowers usually solitary (although 2 buds are normally formed/axillary), axillary but concentrated terminally, large, 35 mm in diameter, showy. Petals 5, free, obovate, cream-white, crinkled. Sepals 5, fused, ovate, olive-green and densely pubescent, persistent. Epicalyx segments directly beneath calyx, narrowly linear, up to 5 x 0.5 mm, densely pubescent, persistent. Stamens in central column, 10-12 mm long; pollen golden yellow. Fruit: a capsule, 5-lobed, somewhat inflated, discoidal, 1 cm in diameter, pubescent especially along central rib of each lobe; borne on stalk up to 3 cm long.

subshrub; Notes: Sub-shrub, up to 0.75 m high. Stem a woody underground, much branched organ. Leaves appearing after flower, very large, pinnate. Flowers past. Fruit a berry 1 cm long, apiculate. Mixed semi deciduous woodland after a burn.

Herb; Notes: Perennial herb. Stems erect, much-branched (opposite), initially densely hispid. Leaves opposite; lamina ovate, dark olive-green, crinkly due to deep venation, margin scalloped to dentate. Inflorescence axillary, spicate, 2 cm long; bracts foliaceous. Nutlets irregularly facetted more or less ovoid.

4 m high; Tree; Notes: Small tree, 4 m high. Sterile specimen-ethnobotanical voucher spec: munyelenyele (Lozi), good strong wood for making porridge sticks sghara (Kwe) oil extracted from seed kernels.

Graminoid; Notes: Perennial grass, up to 1.5 m when in flower. Culm slender, mostly erect, bright green, canaliculate, glabrous. Leaf blade ca. 20 x 2 cm, soft and tender, bright green with scattered white adpressed indumentum. Ligule with dense, white indumentum. Leaf sheath with very dense long white indumentum especially conspicuous along margin, somewhat imbricate. Inflorescence an open panicle, 30 cm long. Borne on slender, glabrous peduncle, 2 mm long, ovoid, glabrous; stalks slender, twisted. In Terminalia sericea woodland.

Herb; Notes: Straggling herb, plentiful on road verge. Stems prostrate to ascending with dense yellow-brown stellate hairs. Petiole slender, 70 mm long, with dense stellate indumentum. Stipules linear, caducous. Lamina almost circular to 5-palmatilobate, margin dentate, olive-green, discoloured, densely pubescent. Flowers axillary, solitary, showy, 60 mm in diameter. Epicalyx segments 20 x 1 mm.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, annual grass, up to 1 m high when in flower. Culm erect and shortly articulated, branched, terete, sturdy, smooth, glabrous, beige to purple-tinged. Leaf blade broadly sagittate, short, 5 x 1 cm, dull grey-green with purple tinges, expanded, usually not reflexed, clearly ciliate with margins harshly scabrid, abaxially, conspicuously striate, base auriculate. Ligule an inconspicuous membranous ridge without indumentum. Leaf sheath beige to pale green, glabrous, up to 4 cm long, not overlapping, margins not imbricate or touching although circumculmate. Inflorescence a dense spike, up to 25 cm long, initially sheathed by foliar spathe, rapidly withering; peduncle 10 cm long. Spikelets 2-awned, narrowly ovoid, up to 3 x 0,5 mm, initially adpressed against axis but 1 prior to falling. Awns pale green but later discolouring to deep purple, flexuous, unbristled.

Herb; Notes: Straggling annual herb, up to 40 cm when in flower. Stems flaccid, trailing but terminally erect, green to pink-tinted with long white indumentum, older portions surrounded by old leaf bases. Leaves spirally arranged, simple, sessile; lamina narrowly ovate to elliptic, apex tapering, base amplexicaulate, dull yellow-green, margin entire, ciliate, densely pubescent with fine, white, adpressed hairs on both surfaces, midrib abaxially prominent, diverging into numerous veins in sheath, sheath conspicuously fringed, up to 16 x 3 cm. Flowers in dense terminal spikes (usually dichasia), 50 mm long, borne on peduncles 1 - 9 cm long, brown, densely pubescent; flowers minute, 5 mm long. Perianth segments 5, ovate, free, pale pink, 4 x 2 mm. Stamens 5. Ovary black, hard, ovoid. Floral bract brown, pubescent, conspicuously ciliate, ovate.

Notes: Tall tree. Ethnobotanical specimen. Common name: tcho (Kwe), mupanda (Lozi) - wood-peg, to mark site of new home. Leaves placed in boiling water to increase milk production in cows.

Tree; Notes: Tall tree, 8 m high. Bark pale grey. Branchlets greyish, pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate - upper pinna 140 x 50 mm; lateral pinna 60 x 20 mm, grey-green, abaxially velutinous. Inflorescence a panicle, drooping, 220 x 100 mm. Flowers pendulous, 1 cm long; sepals fused, grey, velutinous; petals blue-lilac.

Tree; Notes: Tall tree, ca. 8 m high. Bark grey, flaky. Leaves alternate, 5-pinnatisect; stipules linear, paired, membranous, pale green to brown, 6 mm long, petiole sturdy, perpendicular to branchlet, terete to adaxially flattened, velutinous, basally pronouncedly swollen; rachis as for petiole; petiolule up to 4 mm long, sturdy, terminally articulated; pinna narrowly ovate, 20-140 x 15-50 mm, terminally largest, discoloured, venation prominent giving puckered appearance. Flowers in pendulous much-branched panicle (ca. 20 cm long), 8-10 mm long. Petals lilac.

Graminoid; Notes: Tall, tufted, perennial grass, up to 1.5 m high when in flower. Culms reed-like, hollow, sturdy, rigid, erect, terete, basally up to 8 - 10 mm in diameter, smooth, yellow-green to straw-coloured, nodes dark-banded, glabrous, not conspicuously gibbose, enveloped over entire length. Leaf blade lanceolate, up to 30 cm long but mostly shorter, expanded, coriaceous, fairly rigid, smooth, blue-green, glaucous, glabrous, deeply canaliculate, tapering, gradually to fine tip usually withering, broadest in middle - up to 1.5 cm, base narrowed auriculate with collar membranous, brown-black, densely pubescent. Ligule a membranous ridge bearing a fringe of short, cream-coloured hairs, long, white, curly hairs of collar extended down upper sheath margin. Leaf sheath tightly circumculmate, imbricate from upper region, deeply canaliculate, glabrous, usually straw-coloured. Inflorescence a relatively dense panicle, 40 - 50 x 6 - 8 cm, ovate in broad outline, borne on rigid peduncle. Secondary axis alternate, clustered, dense whorl of long white hairs at point of junction, up to 15 cm long delicate, acutely ascending, never spreading. Spikelets narrowly ovoid to slightly lanceolate, 15 x 1 mm, often paired, erect. Lower glume 1/3 of spikelet, membranous, hyaline to straw-coloured but mostly dark purple, glabrous, Awn rigid, straight, sharp tipped, extending up to 6 mm beyond spikelet.

Herb, stems basally woody. Flowers orange, solitary, axillary.

Herb; Notes: Annual herb, hemiparasitic on grass roots, 15-20 cm high. Stems erect, unbranched, slender with dense, short, white hispid indumentum. Leaves alternate to clustered, simple, sessile; lamina narrowly ovate, apex acute, base cuneate, up to 20 x 2.5 - 3 mm, dark green (not discolouring to black upon desiccation) with extremely dense, scabrous, short, white indumentum along margins and midribs. Flowers solitary, axillary, showy, bilabiate. Petals 5, fused, scarlet, sepals 5, lanceolate, hyaline but green ribbed, persistent.

Parasite; Notes: Hemiparasite on grass roots, 30 cm high. Stem erect, much-branched with hirsute indumentum. Leaves linear, 12 x 2.5 mm, densely hirsute, sessile. Flowers solitary, axillary, bilabiate; petals mauve. Sepals 5, free, 6 x 1 mm, persistent.

Shrub; Notes: Straggling shrub. Leaves ovate, paired. Ethnobotanical Voucher specimen. Lozi: 'Mulombelombe'. Fruits used for washing.

Tree; Notes: Medium tree, 8 m high. Bark dark grey, fissured; branchlets velutinous. Leaves terminally clustered; lamina large, 150 x 65 mm, obovate, dull grey-green, densely velutinous abaxially and adaxially along venation, apex acute. Flowers past. Fruit elliptic, flattened, 75 x 35 mm, grey-brown, densely velutinous.

Shrub; Notes: Densely branched, tall shrub, 2 m high. Bark grey to reddish-brown, young branchlets with dense, yellow-brown, hispidellous indumentum. Leaves opposite, simple; petiole short, 2 - 3 mm long, sturdy, dense, pubescent; stipule interpetiolar, narrowly lanceolate, 80 - 115 x 35 - 60 mm, apex acute, occasionally rounded, base cuneate, margin entire, ciliate, adaxially dark green, pubescent to glabrate, abaxially olive green with dark green venation, extremely dense hispidellous indumentum. Fruit globose, axillary, normally solitary, hard, apically scarred, 1.5 - 2 cm in diameter. In Terminalia woodland.

Tree; Notes: Small tree. Leaves elliptic, densely tomentose. Stipules deltoid with long tapering apices, about 1 cm long. Fruits eaten.

Tree; Notes: Small tree, about 3 m high. Bark grey-brown; branchlets with grey, pulverulent indumentum. Leaves dark dull green, ovate, discoloured, about 60 x 25 mm, apex acute, margin minutely toothed, venation prominent, fine white pulverulent indumentum. Inflorescence axillary / terminal corymbs. Flowering past. Seed 3-4 mm long; pappus bristle-like.

Notes: Twining annual. Stem limp, slender, glabrous. Lamina lanceolate - linear, up to 40 x 1.5 mm, apex apiculate, base hastate, margin entire but dentate at base. Flowers solitary by reduction, axillary, pendulous, bell-shaped, 15 mm long; petals yellow. Mixed semi-deciduous woodland after a burn.

Shrub; Notes: Dense shrub. Ethnobotanical voucher specimen. Mutenta (Lozi). Ffruit eaten, oil extracted from kernels. Root bark used to stain palm leaves for baskets. Kwaxere ( Kwe) - fruit eaten fresh.

Shrub; Notes: Densely branched shrub, 2 m high. Young branchlets perpendicular green to purplish, smooth, glaucous; lateral branchlets perpendicular to main axis, spine-tipped. Leaves alternate (often clustered), simple; petiole twisted, adaxially grooved/flattened, smooth, glabrous; lamina ovate to narrowly ovate, up to 40 x 12 mm, apex rounded to truncate, base rounded, margin entire, glabrous, glaucous, grey-green, midrib abaxially prominent. Spines straight, 8-20 mm long. Flowers in axillary clusters, 8 mm in diameter. Sepals 4, free, smooth, green-yellow, ovate. Petals 4, white, conspicuously bearded. Stamens 8. Fruits an ellipsoid, drupaceous berry.

Shrub; Notes: Densely branched, spinescent shrub, 1.5 m high. Bark pale grey, fluted; lateral branches perpendicular, spine-tipped. Leaves clustered on dwarf shoots, simple; petiole 3-6 mm long, adaxially grooved; lamina ovate, 40 x 15 mm, usually folded along midrib, grey, glaucous, glabrous, midrib abaxially conspicuous. Flowers past. Fruit a berry, solitary, axillary, ovoid, 2.5-3 x 3 cm, fleshy, bright orange when ripe, 1-seeded, sour-tasting but refreshing.

Shrub; Notes: Straggly shrub, 1.5 m high. Branches russet; branchlets with yellowish velutinous indumentum. Leaves ovate, up to 42 x 20 mm, glabrous except for midrib. Flower past. Fruit apocarpic, splitting to reveal red-arillate reniform seed. Mixed deciduous woodland after burn.

Tree; Notes: Tree up to 5 m high. Bark pale grey, young branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole up to 15 mm long, densely tomentose; lamina ovate, 55 x 30 mm, apex acute, base markedly oblique, conspicuously 3-veined, margin denticulate, olive-green with minute, short, white adpressed indumentum to glabrate. Prickles paired, 1 straight 1 falcate. Flowers in axillary clusters, small, 3 mm in diameter. Fruit a berry, globose, 4 mm in diameter, style and perianth persistent.

Tree; Notes: Densely branched small tree, armed. Sterile: ethnobotanical voucher specimen. Muchalo (Lozi, Sisubiya) Munganga. Fruits eaten by children. Xaro (Kwe): fruits crushed, placed in water for sore teeth.